Rabu, 13 Juni 2012

passive voice

Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.
We find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the ads — as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility. At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than "The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised" should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy and revised the calendar for next year's meeting."
Take the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs.
The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:

  • When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
  • When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.
The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.
The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . . . .
The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this transition.†

Passive Verb Formation

The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."
TenseSubjectAuxiliaryPast
Participle
SingularPlural
Present The car/cars is are designed.
Present perfectThe car/cars has been have been designed.
Past The car/cars was were designed.
Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed.
Future The car/cars will be will be designed.
Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed.
Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed.
Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.
A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:

ActiveProfessor Villa gave Jorge an A.
PassiveAn A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
PassiveJorge was given an A.
Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:
resemble look like equal agree with
mean contain hold comprise
lack suit fit become

Verbals in Passive Structures

Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).
  • Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
  • Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
  • Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.
The same is true of passive gerunds.
  • Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
  • Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
  • Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.
With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.
  • [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.

comparison of adjectives

clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest
We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1) adjectives with one syllable

  • clean
  • cleaner
  • cleanest
  • new
  • newer
  • newest
  • cheap
  • cheaper
  • cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

  • dirty
  • dirtier
  • dirtiest
  • easy
  • easier
  • easiest
  • happy
  • happier
  • happiest
  • pretty
  • prettier
  • prettiest

2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

  • clever
  • cleverer
  • cleverest

2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

  • simple
  • simpler
  • simplest

2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

  • narrow
  • narrower
  • narrowest


Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

  • large
  • larger
  • largest
  • leave out the silent -e
  • big
  • bigger
  • biggest
  • Double the consonant after short vowel
  • sad
  • sadder
  • saddest
  • dirty
  • dirtier
  • dirtiest
  • Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
  • shy
  • shyer
  • shyest
  • Here -y is not changed to -i.(although consonant before -y)


difficult - more difficult - (the) most difficult
all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see
2 - 1 to 2 - 4)

    • good
    • better
    • best

    • bad
    • worse
    • worst

    • much
    • more
    • most
    • uncountable nouns
    • many
    • more
    • most
    • countable nouns
    • little
    • less
    • least

    • little
    • smaller
    • smallest



Some ajdectives have two possible forms of comparison.
  • common
  • commoner / more common
  • commonest / most common
  • likely
  • likelier / more likely
  • likeliest / most likely
  • pleasant
  • pleasanter / more pleasant
  • pleasantest / most pleasant
  • polite
  • politer / more polite
  • politest / most polite
  • simple
  • simpler / more simple
  • simplest / most simple
  • stupid
  • stupider / more stupid
  • stupidest / most stupid
  • subtle
  • subtler / more subtle
  • subtlest
  • sure
  • surer / more sure
  • surest / most sure


Difference in meaning with adjectives:

  • far
  • farther
  • farthest
  • distance
  • further
  • furthest
  • distance or
  • time
  • late
  • later
  • latest

  • latter
  • x

  • x
  • last

  • old
  • older
  • oldest
  • people and things
  • elder
  • eldest
  • people (family)
  • near
  • nearer
  • nearest
  • distance
  • x
  • next
  • order

relative pronouns

Relative pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk pada kata benda yang mendahuluinya (antecedent) yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam kalimat. Relative pronouns biasa diletakkan di awal subordinate clause atau anak kalimat yang menunjukkan relasi terhadap keseluruhan kalimat.


Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that.




Lihatlah contoh-contoh ini menunjukkan Relative Clauses terdefinisi dan tidak terdefinisi:


example sentences
S=subject, O=object, P=possessive
notes
definingS- The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
- The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.
That is preferable
- The car which hit me was yellow.
- The cars that hit me were yellow.
That is preferable
O- The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.
- The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.
- The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.
- The person I phoned last night is my teacher.
Whom is correct but very formal. The relative pronoun is optional.
- The car which I drive is old.
- The car that I drive is old.
- The car I drive is old.
That is preferable to which. The relative pronoun is optional.
P- The student whose phone just rang should stand up.
- Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra.

- The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.
- The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked.
Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible
non-definingS- Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher.
- The car, which was a taxi, exploded.
- The cars, which were taxis, exploded.

O- Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.
- Mr and Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, are my teachers.
Whom is correct but very formal.Who is normal.
- The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire.
P- My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor.
- The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.
- The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.
Of which is usual for things, butwhose is sometimes possible

* Tidak semua sumber tata bahasa menghitung "bahwa" sebagai kata ganti relatif. 
** Beberapa orang mengklaim bahwa kita tidak dapat menggunakan "bahwa" bagi orang-orang tetapi harus menggunakan "siapa / siapa", tidak ada alasan yang baik untuk klaim seperti itu.

Selasa, 10 April 2012

adjective grammar

Definition

Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articlesa, an, and the — are adjectives.
  • the tall professor
  • the lugubrious lieutenant
  • a solid commitment
  • a month's pay
  • a six-year-old child
  • the unhappiest, richest man
If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an Adjective Clause. My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer. If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an Adjective Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse.
Before getting into other usage considerations, one general note about the use — or over-use — of adjectives: Adjectives are frail; don't ask them to do more work than they should. Let your broad-shouldered verbs and nouns do the hard work of description. Be particularly cautious in your use of adjectives that don't have much to say in the first place: interesting, beautiful, lovely, exciting. It is your job as a writer to create beauty and excitement and interest, and when you simply insist on its presence without showing it to your reader — well, you're convincing no one.
Consider the uses of modifiers in this adjectivally rich paragraph from Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel. (Charles Scribner's, 1929, p. 69.) Adjectives are highlighted in this color; participles, verb forms acting as adjectives, are highlighted in this blue. Some people would argue that words that are part of a name — like "East India Tea House — are not really adjectival and that possessive nouns — father's, farmer's — are not technically adjectives, but we've included them in our analysis of Wolfe's text.
He remembered yet the East India Tea House at the Fair, the sandalwood, the turbans, and the robes, the cool interior and the smell of India tea; and he had felt now the nostalgic thrill of dew-wet mornings in Spring, the cherry scent, the cool clarion earth, the wet loaminess of the garden, the pungent breakfast smells and the floating snow of blossoms. He knew the inchoate sharp excitement of hot dandelions in young earth; in July, of watermelons bedded in sweet hay, inside a farmer's covered wagon; of cantaloupe and crated peaches; and the scent of orange rind, bitter-sweet, before a fire of coals. He knew the good male smell of his father's sitting-room; of the smooth worn leather sofa, with the gaping horse-hair rent; of the blistered varnished wood upon the hearth; of the heated calf-skin bindings; of the flat moist plug of apple tobacco, stuck with a red flag; of wood-smoke and burnt leaves in October; of the brown tired autumn earth; of honey-suckle at night; of warm nasturtiums, of a clean ruddy farmer who comes weekly with printed butter, eggs, and milk; of fat limp underdone bacon and of coffee; of a bakery-oven in the wind; of large deep-hued stringbeans smoking-hot and seasoned well with salt and butter; of a room of old pine boards in which books and carpets have been stored, long closed; of Concord grapes in their long white baskets.
An abundance of adjectives like this would be uncommon in contemporary prose. Whether we have lost something or not is left up to you.

Position of Adjectives

Unlike Adverbs, which often seem capable of popping up almost anywhere in a sentence, adjectives nearly always appear immediately before the noun or noun phrase that they modify. Sometimes they appear in a string of adjectives, and when they do, they appear in a set order according to category. (See Below.) When indefinite pronouns — such as something, someone, anybody — are modified by an adjective, the adjective comes after the pronoun:
Anyone capable of doing something horrible to someone nice should be punished.
Something wicked this way comes.
And there are certain adjectives that, in combination with certain words, are always "postpositive" (coming after the thing they modify):
The president elect, heir apparent to the Glitzy fortune, lives in New York proper.
See, also, the note on a- adjectives, below, for the position of such words as "ablaze, aloof, aghast."

Degrees of Adjectives

Adjectives can express degrees of modification:
  • Gladys is a rich woman, but Josie is richer than Gladys, and Sadie is the richest woman in town.
The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. Notice that the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ier and -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y (happier and happiest); otherwise we use more and most when an adjective has more than one syllable.
GrammarRock
Click on the "scary bear" to read and hear George Newall's "Unpack Your Adjectives" (from Scholastic Rock, 1975).
Schoolhouse Rock® and its characters and ABCother elements are trademarks and service marks of American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Used with permission.

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
richricherrichest
lovelylovelierloveliest
beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful
Certain adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees:
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
goodbetterbest
badworseworst
littlelessleast
much
many
some
moremost
farfurtherfurthest

Be careful not to form comparatives or superlatives of adjectives which already express an extreme of comparison — unique, for instance — although it probably is possible to form comparative forms of most adjectives: something can be more perfect, and someone can have a fuller figure. People who argue that one woman cannot be more pregnant than another have never been nine-months pregnant with twins.
Grammar's ResponseAccording to Bryan Garner, "complete" is one of those adjectives that does not admit of comparative degrees. We could say, however, "more nearly complete." I am sure that I have not been consistent in my application of this principle in the Guide (I can hear myself, now, saying something like "less adequate" or "more preferable" or "less fatal"). Other adjectives that Garner would include in this list are as follows:
         absolute         impossible         principal
         adequate         inevitable         stationary
         chief         irrevocable         sufficient
         complete         main         unanimous
         devoid         manifest         unavoidable
         entire         minor         unbroken
         fatal         paramount         unique
         final         perpetual         universal
         ideal         preferable         whole

From The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Styleby Bryan Garner. Copyright 1995 by Bryan A. Garner. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., www.oup-usa.org, and used with the gracious consent of Oxford University Press.

Be careful, also, not to use more along with a comparative adjective formed with -er nor to use most along with a superlative adjective formed with -est (e.g., do not write that something is more heavier or most heaviest).
The as — as construction is used to create a comparison expressing equality:
  • He is as foolish as he is large.
  • She is as bright as her mother.

Premodifiers with Degrees of Adjectives

Both adverbs and adjectives in their comparative and superlative forms can be accompanied by premodifiers, single words and phrases, that intensify the degree.
  • We were a lot more careful this time.
  • He works a lot less carefully than the other jeweler in town.
  • We like his work so much better.
  • You'll get your watch back all the faster.
The same process can be used to downplay the degree:
  • The weather this week has been somewhat better.
  • He approaches his schoolwork a little less industriously than his brother does.
And sometimes a set phrase, usually an informal noun phrase, is used for this purpose:
  • He arrived a whole lot sooner than we expected.
  • That's a heck of a lot better.
If the intensifier very accompanies the superlative, a determiner is also required:
  • She is wearing her very finest outfit for the interview.
  • They're doing the very best they can.
Occasionally, the comparative or superlative form appears with a determiner and the thing being modified is understood:
  • Of all the wines produced in Connecticut, I like this one the most.
  • The quicker you finish this project, the better.
  • Of the two brothers, he is by far the faster.

    Definition

    Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The Articlesa, an, and the — are adjectives.
  • the tall professor
  • the lugubrious lieutenant
  • a solid commitment
  • a month's pay
  • a six-year-old child
  • the unhappiest, richest man
If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an Adjective Clause. My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer. If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an Adjective Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse.
Before getting into other usage considerations, one general note about the use — or over-use — of adjectives: Adjectives are frail; don't ask them to do more work than they should. Let your broad-shouldered verbs and nouns do the hard work of description. Be particularly cautious in your use of adjectives that don't have much to say in the first place: interesting, beautiful, lovely, exciting. It is your job as a writer to create beauty and excitement and interest, and when you simply insist on its presence without showing it to your reader — well, you're convincing no one.
Consider the uses of modifiers in this adjectivally rich paragraph from Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel. (Charles Scribner's, 1929, p. 69.) Adjectives are highlighted in this color; participles, verb forms acting as adjectives, are highlighted in this blue. Some people would argue that words that are part of a name — like "East India Tea House — are not really adjectival and that possessive nouns — father's, farmer's — are not technically adjectives, but we've included them in our analysis of Wolfe's text.
He remembered yet the East India Tea House at the Fair, the sandalwood, the turbans, and the robes, the cool interior and the smell of India tea; and he had felt now the nostalgic thrill of dew-wet mornings in Spring, the cherry scent, the cool clarion earth, the wet loaminess of the garden, the pungent breakfast smells and the floating snow of blossoms. He knew the inchoate sharp excitement of hot dandelions in young earth; in July, of watermelons bedded in sweet hay, inside a farmer's covered wagon; of cantaloupe and crated peaches; and the scent of orange rind, bitter-sweet, before a fire of coals. He knew the good male smell of his father's sitting-room; of the smooth worn leather sofa, with the gaping horse-hair rent; of the blistered varnished wood upon the hearth; of the heated calf-skin bindings; of the flat moist plug of apple tobacco, stuck with a red flag; of wood-smoke and burnt leaves in October; of the brown tired autumn earth; of honey-suckle at night; of warm nasturtiums, of a clean ruddy farmer who comes weekly with printed butter, eggs, and milk; of fat limp underdone bacon and of coffee; of a bakery-oven in the wind; of large deep-hued stringbeans smoking-hot and seasoned well with salt and butter; of a room of old pine boards in which books and carpets have been stored, long closed; of Concord grapes in their long white baskets.
An abundance of adjectives like this would be uncommon in contemporary prose. Whether we have lost something or not is left up to you.

Position of Adjectives

Unlike Adverbs, which often seem capable of popping up almost anywhere in a sentence, adjectives nearly always appear immediately before the noun or noun phrase that they modify. Sometimes they appear in a string of adjectives, and when they do, they appear in a set order according to category. (See Below.) When indefinite pronouns — such as something, someone, anybody — are modified by an adjective, the adjective comes after the pronoun:
Anyone capable of doing something horrible to someone nice should be punished.
Something wicked this way comes.
And there are certain adjectives that, in combination with certain words, are always "postpositive" (coming after the thing they modify):
The president elect, heir apparent to the Glitzy fortune, lives in New York proper.
See, also, the note on a- adjectives, below, for the position of such words as "ablaze, aloof, aghast."

Degrees of Adjectives

Adjectives can express degrees of modification:
  • Gladys is a rich woman, but Josie is richer than Gladys, and Sadie is the richest woman in town.
The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. Notice that the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ier and -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y (happier and happiest); otherwise we use more and most when an adjective has more than one syllable.
GrammarRock
Click on the "scary bear" to read and hear George Newall's "Unpack Your Adjectives" (from Scholastic Rock, 1975).
Schoolhouse Rock® and its characters and ABCother elements are trademarks and service marks of American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Used with permission.

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
richricherrichest
lovelylovelierloveliest
beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful
Certain adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees:
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
goodbetterbest
badworseworst
littlelessleast
much
many
some
moremost
farfurtherfurthest

Be careful not to form comparatives or superlatives of adjectives which already express an extreme of comparison — unique, for instance — although it probably is possible to form comparative forms of most adjectives: something can be more perfect, and someone can have a fuller figure. People who argue that one woman cannot be more pregnant than another have never been nine-months pregnant with twins.
Grammar's ResponseAccording to Bryan Garner, "complete" is one of those adjectives that does not admit of comparative degrees. We could say, however, "more nearly complete." I am sure that I have not been consistent in my application of this principle in the Guide (I can hear myself, now, saying something like "less adequate" or "more preferable" or "less fatal"). Other adjectives that Garner would include in this list are as follows:
         absolute         impossible         principal
         adequate         inevitable         stationary
         chief         irrevocable         sufficient
         complete         main         unanimous
         devoid         manifest         unavoidable
         entire         minor         unbroken
         fatal         paramount         unique
         final         perpetual         universal
         ideal         preferable         whole

From The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Styleby Bryan Garner. Copyright 1995 by Bryan A. Garner. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., www.oup-usa.org, and used with the gracious consent of Oxford University Press.

Be careful, also, not to use more along with a comparative adjective formed with -er nor to use most along with a superlative adjective formed with -est (e.g., do not write that something is more heavier or most heaviest).
The as — as construction is used to create a comparison expressing equality:
  • He is as foolish as he is large.
  • She is as bright as her mother.

Premodifiers with Degrees of Adjectives

Both adverbs and adjectives in their comparative and superlative forms can be accompanied by premodifiers, single words and phrases, that intensify the degree.
  • We were a lot more careful this time.
  • He works a lot less carefully than the other jeweler in town.
  • We like his work so much better.
  • You'll get your watch back all the faster.
The same process can be used to downplay the degree:
  • The weather this week has been somewhat better.
  • He approaches his schoolwork a little less industriously than his brother does.
And sometimes a set phrase, usually an informal noun phrase, is used for this purpose:
  • He arrived a whole lot sooner than we expected.
  • That's a heck of a lot better.
If the intensifier very accompanies the superlative, a determiner is also required:
  • She is wearing her very finest outfit for the interview.
  • They're doing the very best they can.
Occasionally, the comparative or superlative form appears with a determiner and the thing being modified is understood:
  • Of all the wines produced in Connecticut, I like this one the most.
  • The quicker you finish this project, the better.
  • Of the two brothers, he is by far the faster.

Selasa, 20 Maret 2012

relative clause

Kenali klausa relatif ketika Anda melihatnya.

Sebuah klausul-juga relatif disebut kata sifat atau kata sifat klausul-akan memenuhi tiga persyaratan.
Klausa relatif akan mengikuti salah satu dari dua pola:
kata ganti atau kata keterangan relatif + subyek + kata kerja
relatif ganti sebagai subyek + kata kerja
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh:
Yang Francine tidak menerima
Yang = kata ganti relatif; Francine = subjek; tidak menerima = kata kerja [tidak, kata keterangan, bukan bagian resmi dari kata kerja].
Dimana George menemukan Spider-Man Menakjubkan # 96 dalam kondisi yang adil
Dimana = relatif pengajaran; George = subjek; menemukan kata kerja =.
Itu tergantung dari handuk kamar mandi yang bersih
Itu = berfungsi kata ganti relatif sebagai subjek; menjuntai = kata kerja.
Yang terus bermain video game sampai matanya kabur dengan kelelahan
Siapa = berfungsi kata ganti relatif sebagai subjek; dimainkan = kata kerja.

Hindari membuat sebuah fragmen kalimat.

Sebuah klausa relatif tidak mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap, sehingga tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat . Untuk menghindari menulis fragmen , Anda harus menghubungkan setiap klausa relatif terhadap klausa utama . Baca contoh di bawah ini. Perhatikan bahwa klausa relatif mengikuti kata yang menggambarkan.
Untuk menenangkan pacar marah nya, Joey menawarkan permintaan maaf yang Francine tidak menerima.
Kami mencoba keberuntungan kami di pasar loak yang sama di mana George menemukan Spider-Man Menakjubkan # 96 dalam kondisi wajar.
Michelle berteriak saat melihat laba-laba yang tergantung dari handuk kamar mandi yang bersih.
Brian mengatakan selamat malam untuk teman sekamar nya Justin, yang terus bermain video game sampai matanya kabur dengan kelelahan.

Tanda baca klausa relatif benar.

Penekanan klausa relatif bisa rumit. Untuk setiap kalimat, Anda harus memutuskan apakah klausa relatif penting atau tidak penting dan kemudian menggunakan koma yang sesuai.
Klausul penting tidak memerlukan koma. Sebuah klausa relatif ini penting ketika Anda memerlukan informasi yang disediakan. Lihat contoh ini:
Anak-anak yang skateboard di jalan sangat bising di malam hari.
Anak-anak tidak spesifik. Untuk mengetahui mana yang kita bicarakan, kita harus memiliki informasi dalam klausa relatif. Dengan demikian, klausa relatif sangat penting dan tidak memerlukan koma.
Namun, jika kita menghilangkan anak-anak dan pilih kata benda yang lebih spesifik sebagai gantinya, klausa relatif menjadi tidak penting dan tidak memerlukan koma untuk memisahkannya dari bagian kalimat. Baca revisi:
Matius dan adiknya Loretta, yang skateboard di jalan, sangat bising di malam hari.

Senin, 10 Oktober 2011

Here are ways how you can do to shrink the stomach


Here are ways how you can do to shrink the stomach: • Eating breakfast is about 200 calories. This can consist of a piece of toast with a little butter, one scrambled egg and half a glass of milk. • Eat healthy snacks, fresh fruits, fibers that exist in fresh fruits will make you satisfied longer. • Lunch is about 400 calories. approximately half the size of average portion of the Indonesian people during lunch. • If after 2 or 3 hours from lunch that you're feeling hungry again so please take your fresh fruit as your snack. • Just 400 calories dinner only. This is usually the most difficult foods to keep 400 calories, especially if you're eating out, soon you're trying to remember how to shrink belly fat. It should if you have tried diets that are taught over since in the morning then you will not easily hungry in the afternoon.If you have difficulty with adjusting the diet would not hurt you milirik nutritional diet program that simplifies the pattern of food, especially for those with limited time.In addition to dietary adjustments, shrink belly fat and also assisted with sports, sports that are doing cardio. Cardio exercise (also called cardiovascular exercise) is very effective in burning calories, because when your body burns calories is automatically fat in the body fat will decrease, one of the favorite places is accumulating fat in the abdomen.do the exercise as a way to shrink your belly fat. When you have set your diet, then you have to do exercise, there's still that need your attention to shrink belly fat. Consider your habits without realizing that contributed to the emergence of belly fat, so consider these habits as a way to shrink the stomach.

example of full block style letter



 
1385 Laurier Avenue
Ottawa, Ontario K2G 1V
March 20, 20xx
James Moore, Human Resources Manager
Global Market Incorporated
45 Spadina Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5W 1E5
Dear Mr. Moore:

This is semi-block letter format.

It too begins with the sender’s address, the date, the receiver’s name and address, and then the opening salutation. The difference between full-block and semi block is easy:
  • In full-block format, nothing is indented.
  • In semi-block format, the sender’s address, date and closing salutation are indented.
  • In semi-block format, it is also permissible to indent the paragraphs, but it is not necessary to do so.
If you have questions about this format, please email me.
Sincerely,
fadli bunatr jati
fadli buntar jati

   







bibliography : http://elearning.algonquincollege.com/coursemat/strachn/letter_formats/letterformat1.htm